Animal is a Symbolic Character in Majeed Amjad's Poems مجید امجد کی نظم میں جانور بطور علامتی کردار

As far as modern Urdu poetry is concerned, Majeed Amjad is widely regarded as a multi-faceted, universal, and leading poet. In this article, an attempt has been made to examine and x-ray the psychological and cultural dimensions of his characters inspired by and taken from nature. Majeed Amjad has created a magnificent pageant of characters using the phenomena of nature as his ultimate inspiration and muse. And thereby, he has interpreted the obvious and hidden aspects of life in such a manner that makes us realize that nature is an inexhaustible and incredible treasure trove of sympathy, love, freedom, struggle for survival, knowledge, and wisdom. Majeed Amjad, as if to very profound psychological evolution, is completely lost in his characters. His poetry affords us an everlasting and ever-relevant lesson: we can be eternally in touch with the higher reality only by living in the very heart of nature and by living in perfect harmony with nature

Psychological analysis of symbolic character "bird" in majeed amjad's poems مجید امجد کی شاعری میں پرندے کے کردار کا نفسیاتی تجزیہ

As far as the modern urdu poetry is concerned, Majeed Amjad is widely regarded as a multi-faceted, universal and leading poet. In this article,an attempt has been made to examine and x-ray the psychological and cultural dimensions of his characters inspired by and taken from nature.Majeed Amjad has created a magnificent pageant of characters using the phenomena of nature as his ultimate inspiration and muse.And thereby he has interpreted the obvious and hidden aspects of life in such a manner that makes us realize that nature is and inexhaustible and incredible treasure trove of sympathy,love,freedom,struggle for survival and knowledge and wisdom. Majeed Amjad,as if to very profound psychological evolution,is completely lost in his characters.His poetry affords us an everlasting and ever-relevant lesson that we can be eternally intouch with the Higher Reality only by living in the very heart of nature and by living in perfect harmony with nature

Role of calcium supplementation during pregnancy in reducing risk of developing gestational hypertensive disorders: A meta-analysis of studies from developing countries

Background:Hypertension in pregnancy stand alone or with proteinuria is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality and morbidity in the world. Epidemiological and clinical studies have shown that an inverse relationship exists between calcium intake and development of hypertension in pregnancy though the effect varies based on baseline calcium intake and pre-existing risk factors. The Purpose of this review was to evaluate preventive effect of calcium supplementation during pregnancy on gestational hypertensive disorders and related maternal and neonatal mortality in developing countries.Methods: A literature search was carried out on PubMed, Cochrane Library and WHO regional databases. Data were extracted into a standardized excel sheet. Identified studies were graded based on strengths and limitations of studies. All the included studies were from developing countries. Meta-analyses were generated where data were available from more than one study for an outcome. Primary outcomes were maternal mortality, eclampsia, pre-eclampsia, and severe preeclampsia. Neonatal outcomes like neonatal mortality, preterm birth, small for gestational age and low birth weight were also evaluated. We followed standardized guidelines of Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group (CHERG) to generate estimates of effectiveness of calcium supplementation during pregnancy in reducing maternal and neonatal mortality in developing countries, for inclusion in the Lives Saved Tool (LiST).Results: Data from 10 randomized controlled trials were included in this review. Pooled analysis showed that calcium supplementation during pregnancy was associated with a significant reduction of 45% in risk of gestational hypertension [Relative risk (RR) 0.55, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.36-0.85] and 59% in the risk of preeclampsia [RR 0.41, 95 % CI 0.24-0.69] in developing countries. Calcium supplementation during pregnancy was also associated with a significant reduction in neonatal mortality [RR 0.70, 95 % CI 0.56-0.88] and risk of pre-term birth [RR 0.88, 95 % CI 0.78-0.99]. Recommendations for LiST for reduction in maternal mortality were based on risk reduction in gestational hypertensive related severe morbidity/mortality [RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.70-0.91] and that for neonatal mortality were based on risk reduction in all-cause neonatal mortality [RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.56-0.88].Conclusion: Calcium supplementation during pregnancy is associated with a reduction in risk of gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia neonatal mortality and pre-term birth in developing countries

EFFECT OF INCENTIVES UPON THE SPORTS PERFORMANCE OF ATHLETES AT UNIVERSTY LEVEL

Background: The reason behind the selection of the current research study was the low performances of the university athletes as well as their meager participation at national and international level sport competition. The main focus of the present research study was to highlight the effect of incentives (Traveling allowance, Daily allowance, refreshment, Cash Prizes, accommodation facilities, Reserved sport seats, Scholarships) upon the performance level of the athletes at university level both in public and in private sector university in the province of KP, Pakistan. Methods: the researcher selected 671 athletes and 31 director sports out of total population 3305 from both sector universities as sample. The 82% returned rate of responses were recorded. Proportionate random sampling technique was preferred to provide equal chance to the population of each university for true representation in the selected sample. The required information was collected through five option Likert type questionnaires. The pilot testing (validity and reliability) of the self-prepared questionnaire was made accordingly. Results: The results indicate that non availability of proper incentives (Traveling allowance, Daily allowance, refreshment, Cash Prizes, accommodation facilities, Reserved sport seats, Scholarships) affect the performance level of the athletes both in public and in private sector universities of KP, Pakistan. Moreover, the results of the current study also revealed that grater effect was observed in private sector universities than public sector universities. Conclusion: It was concluded that improper incentives (Traveling allowance, Daily allowance, refreshment, Cash Prizes, accommodation facilities, Reserved sport seats, Scholarships) affect the performance and motivation level of the athletes as well. Furthermore, the respondents predicted that improper incentives to athletes at university level is one of the obstacles which restrict the participation level of the athletes at national and international level sport competitions

EFFECT OF INCENTIVES UPON THE SPORTS PERFORMANCE OF ATHLETES AT UNIVERSTY LEVEL

Background: The reason behind the selection of the current research study was the low performances of the university athletes as well as their meager participation at national and international level sport competition. The main focus of the present research study was to highlight the effect of incentives (Traveling allowance, Daily allowance, refreshment, Cash Prizes, accommodation facilities, Reserved sport seats, Scholarships) upon the performance level of the athletes at university level both in public and in private sector university in the province of KP, Pakistan. Methods: the researcher selected 671 athletes and 31 director sports out of total population 3305 from both sector universities as sample. The 82% returned rate of responses were recorded. Proportionate random sampling technique was preferred to provide equal chance to the population of each university for true representation in the selected sample. The required information was collected through five option Likert type questionnaires. The pilot testing (validity and reliability) of the self-prepared questionnaire was made accordingly. Results: The results indicate that non availability of proper incentives (Traveling allowance, Daily allowance, refreshment, Cash Prizes, accommodation facilities, Reserved sport seats, Scholarships) affect the performance level of the athletes both in public and in private sector universities of KP, Pakistan. Moreover, the results of the current study also revealed that grater effect was observed in private sector universities than public sector universities. Conclusion: It was concluded that improper incentives (Traveling allowance, Daily allowance, refreshment, Cash Prizes, accommodation facilities, Reserved sport seats, Scholarships) affect the performance and motivation level of the athletes as well. Furthermore, the respondents predicted that improper incentives to athletes at university level is one of the obstacles which restrict the participation level of the athletes at national and international level sport competitions

A drug utilization study of antiepileptic drugs uses in a tertiary care teaching hospital of India

Background: Epilepsy is a disorder characterized by repeated seizures due to the disorder of the neurons. Epilepsy needs life-long medical therapy. It is managed by polytherapy. Drug utilization studies help to determine rational combinations of drug use in epilepsy. Aims and objectives of the study were to analyses the drug utilization pattern of anti-epileptics and common types of epileptic seizures and to determine the safety of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs).Methods: It was a prospective, cross-sectional, observational study. Patients attending neurology epilepsy OPD with h/o seizures and taking at least one antiepileptic were recruited. Data was collected by taking demographic details including brief history of disease, clinical examination and reviewing OPD prescription. Details were recorded in case record form.Results: We recruited 102 participants (57 male and 45 females) of mean age 29.68±10.52. Mean age of onset of epilepsy was 18.9±10.5 years. Among them 77 (75.4%) were diagnosed as generalized tonic clonic seizures and 18 (17.6%) were diagnosed as focal seizures. Monotherapy was given in 31 (30.3%) patients while polytherapy was given in 71 (69.7%) patients. Valproic acid was most commonly used monotherapy (12 patients). No fixed drug combinations were used. Clobazam in 55 (53.9%) patients and valproic acid in 53 (51.9%) patients were prescribed. The other AEDs prescribed were lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, carbamazepine, lacosamide, zincosamide, perampanel, and phenytoin. All antiepileptics were prescribed in brand name. The prescribed daily dose (PDD) was less than defined daily dose (DDD) as per anatomical therapeutic chemical (ATC) classification. Two adverse effects were reported during study period. They were mood change and blurring of vision in two different patients.Conclusions: The PDD was less than DDD as per ATC classification. Awareness should be created among neurologists to prescribe more generic drugs because of their cost effectiveness. Studies are needed with larger sample size to analyze the drug utilization patterns which helps in the planning of reduction of expenditure for the patient without compromising efficacy

EFFECT OF ROLE CLARITY ON JOB PERFORMANCE OF INSTRUCTORS PHYSICAL EDUCATION (IPES) OF SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Role Clarity (RC) on the Job Performance (JP) of Instructor Physical Education (IPEs) working in higher secondary schools of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Methods: The study was conducted in southern Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (LakkiMarwat, Bannu, D.I.khan and Tank). There are 141 (89 male and 52 female) IPEs working in different Higher Secondary Schools (Educational Management Information System [EMIS], 2019). A sample of 141 IEPs was chosen using the stratified sampling method. The survey research design was applied for this paper. A questionnaire was used based on the Five Point Likert scale for data collection. The validation of the data collection tool was done through index of Item Objective Congruence (IOC) whereas the reliability score was estimated (RC=0.861, JP=0.872) through Cronbach’s Alpha. Pearson Product Movement Correlation, Linear Regression, and Independent sample t-test were used as inferential statistics.  Results: The result of the study shows that there is a positive relationship between Role clarity and Job performance. The study concluded that the job performance of IPEs determined through how IPEs clear about their job. If IPEs have a clear vision about their job then it can make a significant contribution to their job performance. More precisely, higher role clarity leads to higher job performance. The result also indicates that there is a significant difference in the male and female IPEs Performance. Conclusion: The study concluded that male IPEs perform well as compared to female IPEs in terms of subject matter knowledge, assessment strategies, and communication skills

DRD2 Gene: Insilico Approach for Functional Protein Partners and Regulatory Pathways Analysis

Bioinformatics methodologies have made possible to profile the global composition of tissue or organelle at specific time point or under particular developmental or disease state. Extensive research into the genomics of neuropsychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia - a chronic brain disorder that may develop from a combination of multiple factors and affects approximately 1% people worldwide has revealed the importance of DRD2 gene in the development of disease. The study depicts the computational analysis of DRD2 gene exploring molecular networks of interacting targets by STRING’s database, KEGG and Reactome pathways and BioGrid databases- current bioinformatics tools that may provide insights into the biological processes underlying schizophrenia